The 3Rs by Russell and Burch are known to be the "alternative methods" to improve the treatment of laboratory animals, at the same time to advance the quality of science that uses animals for studies.
The 3Rs are Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement. Replacement is defined as minimizing the pain and suffering of the animals used in research. Reduction is for reducing the number of animals being used, and using healthier animals. Replacement is using alternative to animals such as tissue cultures and computer models.
Due to spirit of reasoning, Renaissance and emphasis on human logic.
<u>Explanation:</u>
- Europe by the mid of 15th century was going major societal and literary transformation. The old decadent thoughts were questioned and emphasis was placed on reasoning and human logic.
This came to be known as the renaissance. Due to social transformation and spirit of enquiry, sailors (mostly from coastal countries such as Spain, Portugal, and later Italy) began venturing into deep seas to explore and discover a new world. Earlier the venture and discovery activity was mostly dominated by Arabs who have been in the sea since the 7th century AD.
These activities were supported by discoveries in art of navigation, production of world maps etc. As a result of these activities, Columbus on his venture to find the shortest route to Indies (currently island of Indonesia famous for species) landed into America thus discovering the whole continent of America.
- What followed the venture was several expeditions to a different part of the worlds.
- The transformation took place in the economic sphere and crude concept of factory originated when workers were made to work away from home at the predesignated site by the landlords. The wheel turned and turned and the whole of Europe in succession witnessed Industrial revolution at the same time the rest world experienced the scourge of colonialization.
- It was the absence of the Industrial revolution in the regions outside Europe that made them fall prey to colonial powers.
In federal systems, political authority is divided between two autonomous sets of governments, one national and the other subnational, both of which operate directly upon the people. ... The governmental structures and political processes found in these federal systems show great variety.
Ocean currents occur because of the moon cycles
Explanation:
The structures, powers, and functions of the House of Representatives and the Senate are different, and these differences can affect the policymaking process: for example, by accelerating it or slowing it down, and by the extent to which bipartisan collaboration is or is not facilitated.
