The conduction of nerve impulses relies upon the movement of positively-charged ions across the nerve cell membrane. The entry of sodium into the cell produces a wave of positive charge that travels down the length of an axon. Then chemicals called neurotransmitters are secreted out of the end of the axon onto the next nerve in the series (the postsynpatic nerve). This narrow space in between neurons is called the synapse. These neurotransmiiters released by the presynaptic nerve bind to receptors on the postsynaptic nerve. The binding of these receptors opens up channels in this second nerve's membrane that allow sodium ions to enter the nerve cell and initiate another wave of positive charge, and so on... The nerve signal can only move as fast as these ions and neurotransmitters can diffuse to generate this process.
<span>As a professional athlete repeats a given activity many times over, the nerve cells "upregulate" their receptors, meaning that they produce additional receptors to put in the membrane. This is just a natural reaction to the nerve being repeatedly stimulated in the same way over and over. When neurotransmitter is secreted from the presynaptic neuron, there are more receptors on the postsynaptic neuron for it to bind, more channels open up, more ions enter in a shorter time and build up positive charge to create the impulse faster, and so the overall effect is faster. </span>
<span>Additionally, there are sheaths of fatty tissue (called myelin) that insulate the charge in the neuron and allow it to be conducted faster. As people age, these sheaths can start to degrade, making the nerve cell more "leaky" and causing the impulse to be conducted more slowly. </span>
"Producers, consumers, and decomposers will be affected" is the one among the following choices given in the question that will be the <span>types of organisms that will be affected by a decreased supply of water in an ecosystem. The correct option among all the options that are given in the question is option "a". </span>
Pyruvic acid binds with Coenzyme A (CoA) to form acetyle CoA. The acetyle CoA begins the Kreb Cycle.
Answer:
b) Lateral branch shoots would grow more horizontally and have less of a tendency to turn upward.
d) Lateral branch roots fully embedded in soil would grow randomly upward and downward.
e) Roots breaking the soil surface would grow upward.
Explanation:
Inside the amyloplasts of the common bean the starch granules resemble variously sized cotton balls stuffed into a balloon. Under normal circumstances amyloplasts do nothing more than sit on the bottom of special gravity-sensing cells. When a plant is knocked over, the amyloplasts slide from what was recently the bottom of the cell onto a formerly vertical wall. Somehow, this movement is sensed and relayed to cells that secrete the growth-regulating plant hormone auxin.
Since the plant has lost the ability to transform glucose into the granules. The plant can´t differentiate between up or down because gravity is what causes these granules to settle down.
