It took 12 days for all the 60 gallons of water to leak out of the barrel. If you divide 60 by 5 you will get 12.
The answer is B. They get a loan and pay each month, because then they have time to get the money to pay it back while still getting the car.
Since a pound of sugar increases proportionally to the total cost of sugar bought, then the function can be written as:
c(p) = 0.42p
Where: c(p) = total cost of sugar bought
p = pounds of sugar
c(p) is a function of p, because c(p) depends on p.