Lincoln let the Confederate leaders know about his plan to resupply Fort Sumter so that they would not demand fire on the ships carrying supplies.
1933: New Deal / cooperative federalism / marble cake federalism cause a change in the makeup of the power balance between local, state and national goverment in the following way
Explanation:
- The United States moved from dual federalism to cooperative federalism in the 1930s. National programs would increase the size of the national government and may not be the most effective in local environments. Cooperative federalism does not apply to the Judicial branch of the government.
- Each level of government is dominant within its own sphere. ... Marble cake federalism – Conceives of federalism as a marble cake in which all levels of government are involved in a variety of issues and programs, rather than a layer cake, or dual federalism, with fixed divisions between layers or levels of government.
- As a theory, dual federalism holds that the federal and state governments both have power over individuals but that power is limited to separate and distinct spheres of authority, and each government is neither subordinate to nor liable to be deprived of its authority by the other.
- The first, dual federalism, holds that the federal government and the state governments are co-equals, each sovereign. In this theory, parts of the Constitution are interpreted very narrowly, such as the 10th Amendment, the Supremacy Clause, the Necessary and Proper Clause, and the Commerce Clause
- The advantages of this system are that it protects local areas and jurisdictions from the overreach of the federal government. The framers of the Constitution were afraid that the federal government would have too much power, and this system was a means of preventing that situation from developing.
- Historically, the definitive example of dual federalism is the United States. ... These states can check the federal government through judicial action. Europe, too, has a system of dual federalism, albeit set up with state traditions. The European Union (EU) is organized into a federalist government with limited powers.
The price elasticity of a demand function measures the reaction of the quantity demanded by consumers after the price modification of a product. According to the law of demand, for normal goods, when the price of the product increases, the quantity demanded decreases, therefore there is an inverse relationship between price and quantity. Elasticity helps to assess the proportion of the modifications in the two variables.
<u>Let's analyse the following three goods:</u>
- Gasoline, is a good with an inelastic type of demand curve. When there is a change in the price of gasoline, the quantity demanded by consumers decreases in a lower proportion than the price increase. There are no easily available susbtitutes that consumers could purchase instead of gasoline to cover the same need. <em>The shape of this type of demand curve is represented by the first graph attached.</em>
- Cola, is a product with an elastic demand curve. When the price of a certain type/brand of cola drink increases its price, the quantity demanded of that product decreases in a larger proportion than the price increases. Consumers can easily switch and buy from a different cola brand or select a different type of soda drink to satisfy the same need. <em>The shape of this type of demand curve is represented by the second graph attached.</em>
- Two vending machines located next to each other provide an example of a perfectly elastic demand curve. If the price of one of the two vending machines increases for the same product, its quantity demanded would be reduced to 0, as all consumers will switch to the other machine which is located only a few centimetres away. <em>The shape of this type of demand curve is represented by the third graph attached.</em>
I think c ???????????????
