Answer:
Multiple sub-parts. Solving first four
Proportion for who had degress or more, p1 = 271/973 = 0.28
Proportion for who had degress or less, p2 = 195 /526 = 0.37
Now, we use hypothesis testing proportion difference:
p = (271 +195) / (973+526) = 466/1499 = 0.31
SE = sqrt{ p * ( 1 - p ) * [ (1/n1) + (1/n2) ] }
= V0.31 * 0.69 * 0.003
= 0.025
z = (p1 - p2) / SE
= (0.28- 0.37)/0.025 = -3.6
For this z, p-value is 0.0001
Hence we can reject null hypothesis by 99.99% surety
So, C. We have very strong evidence against the null hypothesis.
The appropriate standardized statistic in the context of the study is z = -3.6
The p-value and standardized statistic both lead you to the same conclusion. A. True
