Calculate the formal charge on the indicated atom in each of the following molecules or ions. Some molecules may have more than
one possible resonance structure, each resulting in a different possible formal charge on the indicated atom. In such cases, supply both unique formal charge values separated by commas.Part Cnitrogen in NO2If there is more than one answer, separate them by commas.
2 answers:
Answer:
Formal charge for the first resonance structure of NO₂; first Oxygen = 0, N = +1, second Oxygen = -1
Formal charge for the second resonance structure of NO₂; first Oxygen = -1, N = +1, second Oxygen = 0
Explanation:
The formal charge of an atom in a molecule is the assumed charge the atom would have if the electrons in the bonds are redistributed evenly between the atoms.
Formal charge = valence electrons - (non-bonding electrons) - (bonding electrons / 2).
For NO₂ molecule, the formal charges for the atoms are as follows;
First Oxygen atom = 6 - 4 - 4/2 = 0
For Nitrogen = 5 - 1 - 6/2 = +1
For the second Oxygen atom = 6 - 6 - 2/2 = -1.
Overall charge = 0 + (+1) + (-1) = 0
For the second resonance structure,
First Oxygen atom = 6 - 6 - 2/2 = -1
For Nitrogen = 5 - 1 - 6/2 = +1
For the second Oxygen atom = 6 - 4 - 4/2 = 0
Overall charge = (-1) + (+1) + (0) = 0
Note: Where resonance structures for atoms or ions exist, the formal charges of each of the respective atoms or ions are calculated according.
Answer:
The formal charge on nitrogen in is 0
Explanation:
Formal charge is the charge that is given to an atom in a molecule by assuming that the shared electrons between the two bonded atoms are equally shared between them.
It could be calculated as follows
formal charge =
where
Number of valence electrons
Number of non-bonding electrons
Number of bonding electrons
The number of valence electrons on nitrogen is 5.
The number of non-bonding and bonding electrons are 2 and 6 respectively. Substituting into the equation above, we get
Therefore the formal charge on nitrogen in is 0
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Answer:
b) = 4.88 cm
, c)
’= 1/M (m₁ d₁ + m₃ d₃) and d)
’= 1.88 cm
Explanation:
The definition of mass center is
= 1/M ∑ xi mi
Where mi, xi are the mass and distance from an origin for each mass and M is the total mass of the object.
Part b
Apply this equation to our case.
Body 1
They give us the mass (m₁ = 24 g) and the distance (d₁ = 1.1 cm) from the origin at the far left
Body 2
They give us the mass (m₂ = 12.g) and the distance relative to the distance of the body 1, let's look for the distance from the left end (origin)
D₂ = d₁ + d₂
D₂ = 1.1 + 1.9
D₂ = 3.0 cm
Body 3
Give the mass (m₃ = 56 g) and the position relative to body 2, let's find the distance relative to the origin
D₃ = D₂ + d₂
D₃ = 3.0 + 3.9
D₃ = 6.9 cm
With this data we substitute and calculate the center of mass
M = m₁ + m₂ + m₃
M = 24 + 12 + 56
M = 92 g
= 1/92 (1.1 24 + 3.0 12 + 6.9 56)
= 1/92 (448.8)
= 4,878 cm
= 4.88 cm
This distance is from the left end of the bar
Par c)
In this case we are asked for the same calculation, but the reference system is in the center marble, we have to rewrite the distance with the reference system in this marble.
Body 1
It is at d1 = -1.9 cm
It is negative for being on the left and the value is the relative distance of 1 to 2
Body 2
d2 = 0 cm
The reference system for her
Body 3
d3 = 3.9 cm
Positive because that is to the left of the reference system and is the relative distance between 2 and 3
Let's write the new center of mass (xcm')
’= 1/M (m₁ d₁ + m₂ d₂ + m₃ d₃)
’= 1/M (m₁ d₁ + m₃ d₃)
Part d) Let's calculate the value of the center of mass
’= 1/92 ((24 (-1.9) +56 3.9)
’= 1/92 (172.8)
’= 1.88 cm
This distance is to the right of the central marble