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Marrrta [24]
3 years ago
12

List the two major processes of photosynthesis and state what occurs in those sets of reactions.

Biology
1 answer:
Elanso [62]3 years ago
3 0
The light dependent reaction and the Calvin cycle
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What group is good at capturing food and avoiding being eaten?
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To avoid ths food should be kept at What should food workers do to prevent pests from finding food in garbage cans what structures are used for capturing prey and securing and eating food in a crayfish What is the best way to prevent poor food safety
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3 years ago
How do plasmodesmata affect the individuality of the cells?
Lisa [10]

Answer:

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Plasmodesmata play roles in both cellular communication and in molecule translocation. Plant cells must work together as part of a multicellular organism (the plant); in other words, the individual cells must work to benefit the common good. Therefore, communication between cells is crucial for plant survival.

7 0
3 years ago
How do temperature and concentration of monounsaturated phospholipids change the rate at which molecules permeate the plasma mem
Nikitich [7]

Answer: At low temperatures the fluidity of the membrane decreases and it favors fluidity. The higher the concentration of unsaturated fatty acids, the less tightly the phospholipids can bind and the more fluid (more permeable).

Explanation:

The plasma membrane is a lipid layer that delimits the entire cell, dividing the extracellular medium from the intracellular (the cytoplasm of a cell). They are composed of phospholipids, which are molecules composed of glycerol, a phosphate group and two lipid chains (such as fatty acids). Glycerol is a three-carbon molecule that functions as the backbone of this membrane. A geometry is formed that allows the phospholipids to line up side by side to form broad sheets. They are insoluble in water, but their unique geometry causes them to aggregate in layers without any energy input, as they possess a hydrophilic phosphate head and a hydrophobic tail consisting of the two fatty acid chains. The hydrophilic heads of the phospholipids in a bilayer membrane face outward and are in contact with the aqueous fluid inside and outside the cell. Because water is a polar molecule, it readily forms electrostatic (charge-based) interactions with the phospholipid heads.

Selective permeability is a property of the plasma membrane and other semipermeable membranes that allow only certain particles to pass through them. In this way,<u> those particles that are needed by the cell can enter the cell and those that are not useful to the cell are prevented from entering</u>. In the same way, the cell can eliminate the particles it has produced as waste. In this way, the entry and exit of substances through the membrane is regulated and the correct functioning of the cell is achieved.

For a particle to be able to cross the plasma membrane it must have a size equal to or smaller than the pores of the membrane, it must have the opposite charge to the charge of the membrane or simply have a neutral charge, and if it is larger than the pores it must be dissolved in a solution, decreasing its size and thus be able to enter the cell through the membrane.  

Plasma membranes are fluid and this fluidity depends on their lipid composition and temperature. Depending on the temperature, membrane lipids can be found in two different states or phases: gel (solid-like, with more rigid hydrocarbon chains) and liquid crystal (more fluid, with more mobile hydrocarbon chains). At low temperatures the fluidity of the membrane decreases and in these conditions the increase of its concentration favors fluidity. The temperature at which the transition from one state to the other occurs is the phase transition temperature (Tc). At values below Tc, the bilayer is in the gel state and at higher values it passes to the liquid crystal. It should be noted that there is an equilibrium between the gel state and the liquid crystal state and that the characteristics of the lipids of the bilayer condition the transition temperature. In the case of bilayers consisting of only one type of lipid, the Tc is well defined. But biological membranes are complex lipid mixtures and the transition from one state to another occurs over a range of temperatures. The presence of short-chain or unsaturated fatty acids reduces the transition temperature, while saturated fatty acids and the increase in the length of the hydrocarbon chains cause this temperature to rise. <u>Then, phospholipids with unsaturated fatty acid tails cannot bind as tightly due to the bent structure of their tails. For this reason, a membrane of unsaturated phospholipids remains fluid at lower temperatures than a membrane of saturated phospholipids</u>.  

The fluidity of a membrane is the ability of a molecule to move through it.<u> In short, the higher the concentration of unsaturated fatty acids, the less tightly the phospholipids can bind and the more fluid (more permeable) the membrane will be even at low temperatures</u>. However, <u>at low temperatures the fluidity of the membrane decreases (lower permeability) but the effect will depend on the composition of the fatty acids</u>. To determine the exact permeability, it is necessary to relate the concentration of unsaturated bonds and the length of the fatty acids in the phospholipids and the temperature.

8 0
3 years ago
Which group of non-prokaryotic organisms studied in microbiology typically have two life cycle stages: trophozoite and cyst?
uranmaximum [27]

The correct answer is Protozoa.

A class of single-celled, non-prokaryotic organisms known as protozoa.These could either be parasitic or free-living in nature. These are heterotrophs that procreate via binary fission in an asexual manner. Numerous unrelated or tangentially related organisms make up the Protozoa. Sarcodina, Flagellates, Ciliates, and Sporozoans are the four main divisions. There are two stages in the life cycle of certain protozoa: the proliferative stage (trophozoites), and the resting stage (cysts). Trophozoites are the proliferative stage of the protozoa, which is when they divide and reproduce. The protozoa can tolerate adverse environmental circumstances like toxic chemicals, intense heat, and nutrition and water shortages because of their resting cyst shape.

Learn more about Protozoa here:-

brainly.com/question/2937170

#SPJ1

7 0
2 years ago
Fur color of dogs has a complete dominance relationship where brown fur are
Sloan [31]

Answer:

so whats the question

Explanation:

3 0
2 years ago
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