Answer:
The prolonged electrical depolarization of cardiac muscle cells -that occurs during contraction- is due primarily to the persistent influx of calcium ion
Explanation:
The action potential of the heart muscle is longer with respect to skeletal muscle (around 300 milliseconds), and this is due to the activity of calcium (Ca⁺⁺ ) in the intracellular compartment.
The initial depolarization of cardiac muscle fiber depends on the entry of sodium (Na⁺) into the cell. However, for the action potential to occur and be maintained, Ca⁺⁺ must increase its cytoplasmic levels, which depends on:
- The increase in intracellular sodium induces the release of Ca⁺⁺ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
- Calcium entry from the extracellular space through the voltage dependent Ca⁺⁺ channels.
- The entry of extracellular Ca⁺⁺ causes the release of more Ca⁺⁺ ions by the sarcoplasmic reticulum, further increasing its intracellular concentration.
This is how the ion that guarantees the duration of the action potential of the cardiac muscle cell is the Ca⁺⁺.
Learn more:
Calcium, sodium and cardiac muscle cells brainly.com/question/4473795
If I am not mistaken, the answer is branch. For example a branch of the military is the U.S Navy.
We can select the resistant microbes that were survived on the second day of antibiotic application.
<h3>How can we select for the resistant ones?</h3>
We can select for the resistant ones by only taking antibiotics for 2 days instead of the full 10 days that the drugs were prescribed in order to see the microorganism that survived on the second day. Bacteria get resistance when they are exposed to similar type of chemicals for a long time. Some of bacteria mutate and make defenses against the chemical which leads to survival of that organism.
So we can conclude that We can select the resistant microbes that were survived on the second day of antibiotic application.
Learn more about antibiotics here: brainly.com/question/6970037
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Answer:
precipitate
Explanation:
In case of an inorganic chemical reaction leading to precipitation, the chemical reagent causing the solid to form is called the precipitant. The clear liquid remaining above the precipitated or the centrifuged solid phase is the ' supernate' or ' supernatant'.
