Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
The fly species Drosophila santomea is found only on a single small island. Thus, this fly is considered to be "Endemic".
As DNA replication begins the DNA molecule is broken apart into two complementary strands. DNA replication is the process by which DNA makes a copy of itself during cell division. The process occurs in all living and is the basis for biological inheritance. The process starts with the separation of DNA strands in the double helix. Then replication for is formed followed by the binding of bases to each strand. Then the last step is termination of the Replication process
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Troposphere – This is the densest layer and where weather events occur
Stratosphere – This is where the ozone layer is found. Some high altitude aircraft cruise in this layer.
Mesosphere – Temperatures drop with altitude in this layer
Thermosphere – This is where most of the meteorites that enter the earth’s atmosphere burn up. This layer takes up most of the Uv and X-rays from the sun. Most satellites orbiting earth are in this layer
Exosphere – almost akin to space due to the thinness of the layer. Molecules in the layer often escape into space
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A ‘pause’ is a transition between the above-mentioned distinct layers. The tropopause, for example, occurs between the troposphere and the stratosphere and the stratopause between the stratosphere and mesosphere and thermopause is found between thermosphere and exosphere.
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A temperature inversion is a rise in temperatures with altitude in a layer in the atmosphere. One layer exhibiting temperature inversion is the stratosphere. This is due to the ozone layer that absorbs UV light. The upper ozone absorbs most of the UV light, than lower ozone, exciting the molecules and making the higher altitudes in the layer to be warmer.
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The ozone layer protects life on earth from the high energy UV radiation from the sun. UV is capable of causing double-stranded break on DNA resulting in genetic mutations on organisms. Most of these would be lethal. The Ozone absorbs most of the UV before it reaches earth's surface. Ozone is formed when an oxygen molecule reacts with another oxygen atom to form an O₃. The oxygen atoms are made from the splitting of an oxygen molecule by UV light.
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For more on the atmosphere check out;
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