1answer.
Ask question
Login Signup
Ask question
All categories
  • English
  • Mathematics
  • Social Studies
  • Business
  • History
  • Health
  • Geography
  • Biology
  • Physics
  • Chemistry
  • Computers and Technology
  • Arts
  • World Languages
  • Spanish
  • French
  • German
  • Advanced Placement (AP)
  • SAT
  • Medicine
  • Law
  • Engineering
Shkiper50 [21]
3 years ago
8

A large number of disease-free individuals were enrolled in a study

Biology
1 answer:
Nuetrik [128]3 years ago
3 0

Answer:

a,Answer: Type I right censoring, censoring time = 60.

b.This is called an Interval censoring,

c.this is called Random censoring because the year in consideration was chosen at random, censoring time = 61.

d.The observations are left truncated respectively at age 30, 40, 50 and 42.

e.L\alpha \frac{S(60)}{S(30)} *\frac{S(52)-S(55)}{S(40)} *\frac{S(61)}{S(42)} *\frac{S(55)}{S(50)}

Explanation:

a) A healthy individual, enrolled in the study at age 30, never developed

breast cancer during the study.

Answer: Type I censoring, censoring time = 60.

(b) A healthy individual, enrolled in the study at age 40, was diagnosed

with breast cancer at the fifth exam after enrollment (i.e., the disease

started sometime between 12 and 15 years after enrollment).

THis is called an Interval censoring,

if the clinical exams is conducted every three years , then 3*4=12, and 3*5=15

add this to 40 years respectively, we have

censoring time = (52, 55]

c) A healthy individual, enrolled in the study at age 50, died from a

cause unrelated to the disease (i.e., not diagnosed with breast cancer

at any time during the study) at age 61.

this is called Random censoring because the year in consideration was chosen at random, censoring time = 61.

(d) An individual, enrolled in the study at age 42, moved away from

the community at age 55 and was never diagnosed with breast cancer

during the period of observation.

Random censoring, censoring time = 55.

The observations are left truncated respectively at age 30, 40, 50 and 42.

e.  Confining your attention to the four individuals described above,

write down the likelihood for this portion of the study.

L\alpha \frac{S(60)}{S(30)} *\frac{S(52)-S(55)}{S(40)} *\frac{S(61)}{S(42)} *\frac{S(55)}{S(50)}  

the above represent the likelihood

You might be interested in
What is the definition of chemical reaction??? I need help
Snezhnost [94]
A chemical reaction is a process in which one or more substances are changed into new substances. 

An example of a chemical reaction is when metal rusts.


4 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
How do animals warn other animals that they are dangerous? HELP
Nataly [62]

Answer:

animals will use sound, colors, and stance. Another way would be by leaving their imprint or mark on their territory. For example a dog peeing on an area they used.

Explanation:

Hope this helps!! :)

6 0
3 years ago
Modern cell theory is best described as being based on
faltersainse [42]
Cell theory is the historic scientific theory, now universally accepted, that living organisms are made up of cells, that they are the basic structural/organizational unit of all organisms, and that all cells come from pre-existing cells.

(Hope this helps!!)
4 0
3 years ago
4. Suppose that a dominant allele (P) codes for a polka-dot tail and a recessive allele (p) codes for a solid colored tail. If t
lisov135 [29]

Answer:

The correct answer would be:

  • Genotype ratio: 1 (PP) : 2 (Pp) : 1 (pp)
  • Phenotypic ratio: 3 (polka-dot tails) : solid colored tail

The genotype of both parents is Pp (heterozygous).

Thus, both the parent would produce two types of gametes which are P and p.

The cross would result in the production of offspring with three types of genotype PP, Pp, and pp in 1:2:1.

Offspring with PP and Pp will have a polka-dotted tail as it is the dominant trait.

Thus, the phenotype ratio would be 3 (polka-dotted tail) : 1 (solid colored tail).

3 0
3 years ago
Based on the information in the graph, which blood type is most likely to be in shortest supply during an emergency?
Maksim231197 [3]
While there is no graph provided and I cannot find the graph online, I will base my answer through theory. 

In theory, the most common blood type is O+, followed by A+, then B+, then AB+. Rh negative blood is deemed to be rare. While the most common blood type is O+, the same blood type is also called the "universal donor" as a type O+ blood has no antigens attached in red blood cells therefore the probability of adverse reactions (i.e. hemolytic reactions) when transfused to other blood types are close to nil. In an emergency situation, wherein there is not enough time to do proper crossmatching, blood type O+ can be used therefore supplies of blood type O+ are easily depleted.
5 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
Other questions:
  • List three significant differences between meiosis I and meiosis II
    13·1 answer
  • A scientist finds an organism that cannot move.it gets food from it's environment.in which kingdom does it belong to? And plz ex
    10·1 answer
  • Explain the difference between selective breeding and genetic engineering in the development of food crops with desirable traits
    12·2 answers
  • Which of the following statements accurately describes DNA replication?
    5·2 answers
  • True or false? Selective legalization is an approach that would legalize those drugs of abuse that are the most likely to cause
    11·1 answer
  • NEED HELP!!!
    12·1 answer
  • What is an inflammatory disease of the arteries with clot formation, usually in the legs, leading to occlusion of arteries and i
    9·1 answer
  • Your classmate will be doing a presentation on evolutionary medicine in science class. What is he likely to discuss?
    9·1 answer
  • Help Me! Pick An Scenario! Thank you!
    13·1 answer
  • How many total atoms are in one molecule of sodium nitrate,
    10·1 answer
Add answer
Login
Not registered? Fast signup
Signup
Login Signup
Ask question!