Answer: Such constant change has characterized Earth since its beginning some 4.5 billion years ago. From the outset, heat and gravity shaped the evolution of the planet. These forces were gradually joined by the global effects of the emergence of life.
Explanation:
Answer is c. If one essential nutrient within an ecosystem runs out, primary productivity will be limited
According to Vitousek et al., 2010, nutrient limitation defined as meaningful additions of an essential element in biologically available forms which increases the rate of primary productivity or increase in the biomass in an ecosystem. Alternately, nutrient limitation may also explained as when the supply of one essential nutrient of the ecosystem runs out the primary productivity of the plants will be limited.
C. They study true movement of earthquake waves
