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It was a Greek astronomer called Aristarchus of Samos.
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- Hannah ❤<span />
Bacteria have different phage resistance mechanisms, such as spontaneous mutations, the CRISPR-Cas system.
Spontaneous mutations are the main mechanisms leading to phage resistance by altering the structure of bacterial wall components that act as phage receptors. These include lipopolysaccharides (LPS), outer membrane proteins, cell wall teichoic acids, capsules, and other bacterial components.
Answer:
Directional selection
Explanation:
Directional selection is a type of natural selection that favors one extreme phenotype of a genetic trait due to its survival and reproductive advantage to the individuals over another extreme phenotype and the intermediate phenotype.
In the given example, the thick-leaved plants are better adapted to a drier climate due to reduced water loss. Directional selection favored the plants with thick leaves which in turn produced more progeny. Over the generations, the population evolved into the one having more number of thick-leaved plants.
I think that it would be A translocation
Renal medulla
The renal medulla contains the renal pyramids, where urine formation takes place. Urine passes from the renal pyramids into the renal pelvis. This funnel-shaped structure occupies the central cavity of each kidney and then narrows as it extends out to join the ureter.
