A typical memory aid that helps in remembering the order in which sound travels from the peripheral to the central components of the auditory pathway would be E.C.O.L.I.M.A.
Sound (high or low-frequency sounds) at first gets to the hair cells of the Ear receptors (E) in Cochlea and cranial nerve number 8 (CN VII), then it gets to the Cochlear nuclei (C) which are cells dedicated to these high or low-frequency sounds.
At the Superior Olivary nucleus (O) sound is localized before it gets to the midbrain - Lateral lemniscus (L) and Inferior colliculus (I). The inferior colliculus receives auditory nerve fibers from ipsilateral superior olivary nuclei through the lateral lemniscus.
Sounds then get to the thalamus at the Medial geniculate body (M) which receives nerve fibers from the inferior colliculus; eventually sounds then get to the auditory cortex.
In summary, ECOLIMA is an easily understandable mnemonic device to help remember how sound waves move from the external ears to the auditory nerves and cortex.
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Answer:
The absence of estrogen may lead to many symptoms:
- Irregular periods
- Anovulation, and therefore, infertility
- Hot flashes
- Decreased vaginal lubrication, which can lead to painful intercourse
- Depression, because estrogen stimulates serotonin release
- Osteoporosis and bone fractures
- Weight gain
Usually the treatment for low estrogen levels is hormone replacement therapy (orally, vaginally or topically)
In a human arm, the phalanges are ____________ to the humerus.
Answer: Explanation: Phalanges, the digits of the hand, are the most distal bones of the upper limb. The humerus is the bone of the upper arm. The ulna is the bone of the medial side of the forearm.
