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viva [34]
3 years ago
7

Under the assumption that there exists an unknown Turing machine encodableinc1bits that decides3-SATis inO(n10) time, give imple

mentation details for a Turing Machine M that decides 3-SAT in O(n10000) time.
Computers and Technology
1 answer:
zmey [24]3 years ago
7 0

Answer:

3. (9 points) The goal of this problem is to show that our formal definitions of P and NP imply that P = NP cannot have a non-constructive proof. Throughout this problem we assume a consistent, binary, encoding of both Turing machines and 3-SAT instances. Note that the complexities are intentionally not tight to address potential overheads from scan- ning the tape linearly in order to look for certain symbols. (a) (3 points) Show that for any constant cı, there is a constant c2 such that if Mi is a Turing machine encoded by at most bits that correctly decides 3-SAT in O(n10) time (aka. 3-SAT E TIME(n10), then there is a Turing machine M, encoded by at most most c2 bits that runs in O(n100) time such that if the 3-SAT instance has a satisfying assignment, M, accepts and writes a satisfying assignment at the end of the tape. (b) (3 points) Let M ...Mbe Turing machines show that the language {(k, M... Mk,t,w) | w is an instance of 3-SAT and one of M, writes a satisfying assignment to w in at most t steps can be decided by a Turing machine in (k2107 10) time. (c) (3 points) Under the assumption that there exists an unknown Turing machine encodable in c bits that decides 3-SAT is in O(n10) time, give implementation details for a Turing Machine M that decides 3-SAT in O(n10000) time. Hint: the constant factor in the big-O is able to hide any function related ci and c2, which independent of input sizes, and thus constants.

Explanation:

3. (9 points) The goal of this problem is to show that our formal definitions of P and NP imply that P = NP cannot have a non-constructive proof. Throughout this problem we assume a consistent, binary, encoding of both Turing machines and 3-SAT instances. Note that the complexities are intentionally not tight to address potential overheads from scan- ning the tape linearly in order to look for certain symbols. (a) (3 points) Show that for any constant cı, there is a constant c2 such that if Mi is a Turing machine encoded by at most bits that correctly decides 3-SAT in O(n10) time (aka. 3-SAT E TIME(n10), then there is a Turing machine M, encoded by at most most c2 bits that runs in O(n100) time such that if the 3-SAT instance has a satisfying assignment, M, accepts and writes a satisfying assignment at the end of the tape. (b) (3 points) Let M ...Mbe Turing machines show that the language {(k, M... Mk,t,w) | w is an instance of 3-SAT and one of M, writes a satisfying assignment to w in at most t steps can be decided by a Turing machine in (k2107 10) time. (c) (3 points) Under the assumption that there exists an unknown Turing machine encodable in c bits that decides 3-SAT is in O(n10) time, give implementation details for a Turing Machine M that decides 3-SAT in O(n10000) time. Hint: the constant factor in the big-O is able to hide any function related ci and c2, which independent of input sizes, and thus constants.

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Answer:

Here is the C++ program:

#include <iostream>  // to use input output functions

#include <cmath>  // to use math functions like sqrt()

#include <iomanip>  //to use setprecision method

using namespace std;   //to access objects like cin cout

int main ()  {  //start of main function

  double speedA;  //double type variable to store average speed of car A

  double speedB;  //double type variable to store average speed of car B

  int hour;  //int type variable to hold hour part of elapsed time

  int minutes;  //int type variable to hold minutes part of elapsed time

  double shortDistance;  // double type variable to store the result of shortest distance between car A and B

  double distanceA;  //stores the distance of carA

  double distanceB;  //stores the distance of carB

  double mins,hours;   //used to convert the elapsed time

cout << "Enter average speed of car A: " << endl;  //prompt user to enter the average speed of car A

cin >> speedA;   //reads the input value of average speed of car A from user

cout << "Enter average speed of car B: " << endl ;  //prompt user to enter the average speed of car B

cin >> speedB;   //reads the input value of average speed of car A from user

cout << "Enter elapsed time (in hours and minutes, separated by a space): " << endl;  //prompts user to enter elapsed time

cin>> hour >> minutes;    //reads elapsed time in hours and minutes

  mins = hour * 60;  //computes the minutes using value of hour

  hours = (minutes+mins)/60;     //computes hours using minutes and mins

distanceA = speedA * (hours);  // computes distance of car A

distanceB = speedB * (hours);   //computes distance of car B

   shortDistance =sqrt((distanceA * distanceA) + (distanceB * distanceB));   //computes shortest distance using formula √[(distanceA)² + (distanceB)²)]

cout << "The (shortest) distance between the cars is: "<<fixed<<setprecision(2)<<shortDistance;

//display the resultant value of shortDistance up to 2 decimal places

Explanation:

I will explain the program with an examples:

Let us suppose that the average speeds of cars are:

speedA = 70

speedB = 55

Elapsed time in hours and minutes:

hour = 2

minutes = 30

After taking these input values the program control moves to the statement:

mins = hour * 60;  

This becomes

mins = 2 * 60

mins = 120

Next

hours = (minutes+mins)/60;

hours = (30 + 120) / 60

         = 150/60

hours = 2.5

Now the next two statements compute distance of the cars:

distanceA = speedA * (hours);  

this becomes

distanceA = 70 * (2.5)

distanceA = 175

distanceB = speedB * (hours);

distanceB = 55 * (2.5)

distanceB = 137.5

Next the shortest distance between car A and car B is computed:

shortDistance = sqrt((distanceA * distanceA) + (distanceB * distanceB));

shortDistance = sqrt((175 * 175) + (137.5 * 137.5))

                        = sqrt(30625 + 18906.25)

                        = sqrt(49531.25)

                        =  222.556173

shortDistance =  222.56

 

Hence the output is:

The (shortest) distance between the cars is: 222.56        

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