Answer:
There are five major causes of extinction: habitat loss, an introduced species, pollution, population growth, and overconsumption.
Answer;
-Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium forms the epidermis of the skin.
-In keratinized stratified squamous epithelial tissue, the cells on the apical (outer) surface are dead.
Explanation;
-Stratified squamous epithelium is a type of tissue found covering and lining parts of the body. Stratified squamous epithelium may be keratinized or nonkeratinized. Non-keratinized surfaces must be kept moist by bodily secretions to prevent them from drying out.
-The cells on the surface of stratified squamous keratinized epithelium are very flat. Not only are they flat, but they are no longer alive. They have no nucleus or organelles. They are filled with a protein called keratin, which is what makes our skin waterproof.
<u>Primary structure of the protein </u>can be determined With the knowledge of the nucleotide sequence of a gene.
- Strings of amino acids make up proteins, and strings of nucleotides make up nucleic acids.
- A water molecule is removed during a biological process that links the carboxyl group of one amino acid to the amino group of a nearby amino acid to generate peptide bonds.
- The main structure of a protein is thought to be its linear amino acid sequence.
- A codon is a cluster of three mRNA nucleotides that codes for a particular amino acid.
- Each mRNA produces a protein that has a specific amino acid sequence corresponding to it. The start and stop of translation are indicated by two codons known as start and stop codons.
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Answer:
Chromosomes are made up of DNA(deoxyribosenucleicacid) which is a protein complex called chromatin that is organized into subunits called nucleosomes. The way in which eukaryotes compact and arrange their chromatin also helps regulate gene expression.
Explanation: