Most people were engaged in agriculture as in the U.S. in 1820. They farmed to feed and clothe themselves; in other words, they engaged in subsistence agriculture. Most people did not own land. The land was owned by a few, such as hacendados or the Roman Catholic Church.
There were export sectors in economies. Exports were of two basic kinds: agricultural and mineral. Argentina and Uruguay exported cattle hides and salted beef. Bolivia exported silver and mercury; Peru: silver and, later, guano; Colombia: precious metals and sugar; Brazil: sugar and, later, coffee; and Mexico: silver, gold, and cotton. Most of these exports went to Europe. Little went to each other. None of it in huge volumes even in Argentina until the late 19th century. The countries lacked capital, communications networks, and technology to develop the export business. Besides, the upper class was able to meet its needs without much economic expansion. Societies were run for the benefit of the upper classes.
The London Company sent settlers to Virginia. On December 6, 1606, the journey to Virginia began on three ships: the Susan Constant, the Godspeed, and the Discovery. In 1607, 104 English men and boys arrived in North America to start a settlement. On May 13 they picked James<span>town, Virginia for their settlement, which was named after their </span>King<span> </span>James the first.
Cowboys originated in Mexico.
When the spanish conquerors arrived, they started stablishing ranchs and farms, and the role of the <em>vaquero </em>(from the spanish word <em>vaca</em>) was coined to name the men who took care of the livestock, and who were also good with certain skills like herding, roping and riding.
As the ranching practices were spread, so did the culture of the cowboy, including their clothing style and their skills.
The first cowboys had different backgrounds like Mexican, Native American and African American, among others.
<span>D. It was an ecological transformation.</span>
Columbian Exchange was the introduction of Old World plants and animals into the New World and the other way. An example of this was the introduction of tomatoes and potatoes to Europe.
