Answer:
The incomplete part of the question is "Using a cap-and-trade system of tradable emission allowances will eliminate half of the sulfur dioxide pollution at a cost of $1 million per year. If the permits are not tradable, what will be the cost of eliminating half of the pollution? If permits cannot be traded, then the cost of the pollution reduction will be $1 million per year." The full question is attched as picture as well
1) Tradable permit system
Then lower MAC firm will abate the all pollution units
Then as MAC1 = $250, MAC2 = $275
Firm 1 = Consolidated electric
Firm 2 = Commonwealth utility
Then 1 will sell all permits to 2, at a price between $250 & $275.
So total cost of abatement of 20 units = MAC1 * 20
= $250 * 20 Unit
= $5,000
2) Non-tradable permits
Total cost = MC1*10 + MC2*10
= $2,500 + $2,750
= $5,250
An argument that is not against specializing in a single good in the real world is that specialization in a single good makes dumping easier and more effective.
If a country specializes in a single good, less waste will be produced and it can be dumped easily at one place and can be used or recycled more easily than to dump several different kinds of goods as they will need different technologies and to segregate them will be a hard job to do.
Countries improve their production of the commodity in which they specialize. There are many benefits to consumers if a country does so as specialization lowers the opportunity cost of production, increasing global production and lowering prices. These reduced pricing and increased supply benefit consumers.
To learn more about specialization in single good here
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Dangerous working conditions and long hours of factory jobs in the 1800s
Answer:
The problem with variable rates is that they vary, i.e., they might unexpectedly increase and the increase might be pretty significant. One of the main factors leading to the Great Recession was the housing bubble and the increase in mortgage interest rates. Normally, interest rates tend to increase, they might sometimes decrease, but generally they only go up and up.
Even though the fixed interest rate might be higher, it will not change and that guarantees that you will always pay the same amount and that you can prepare your personal budget to cover it.
