B. subtract the frequency of the recessive allele from 1.
        
             
        
        
        
The recombinant offsprings are normally the offsprings containing a combination of the parents allele, result in a genotype that differs from both parents genotype. The phenotype May be different as well although it is likely that the phenotype could be the same as the parents, as seen in the case of heterozygous dominant having the same phenotype as homozygous dominant.
        
             
        
        
        
Answer:
the first one air pressure 
 
        
                    
             
        
        
        
I believe the answer is Gene splicing because they remove specific genes in order to create a transgenic organism.
I hope this helps!
 
        
                    
             
        
        
        
Answer:
uhh either natural and reproductive pretty sure it's reproductive