The correct answer is A.
The government of the Tang and Song dynasty, they both used a civil service exam to select officials. The rulers use the civil service system. People who wanted to hold office had to pass difficult examinations that emphasized Confucian philosophy. This creates a highly educated ruling class.
During the Tang and Song dynasty, the power of the old aristocracy began to disappear. A new, much larger, upper class emerged, consisting of official scholars and their families. Such a class of powerful and well-off people is called the gentry. The nobility reached their status through education and civil service instead of through land ownership.
Is this a question? Or what?
A great challenge today, both an occupational one and one that threatens the lifestyle, is the long working hours - often not paid.
In many companies, the workers are expected to work up to 60 hours a week! They have to do it, so that the company is successful and because they are threatened with loosing their jobs.
Long working hours are bad for the lifestyle - they can cause health problems and make social life hard, but they are also bad for the work the workers do, as they can suffer a burnout and actually perform their work worse than if they'd been working less hours.
