In addition to gravity, muscular peristaltic waves, originating in the renal pelvis, squeeze urine down the ureters and squirt it into the bladder, the peristaltic movements consist of radially symmetrical contractions and in the relaxation of the muscles that propagate in a wave downwards in the muscular tube, in an antegrade manner, such movements are also found in the esophagus and stomach.
The correct answer for this question would be the last option. The statement that best describes the reproductive life cycles of ferns and angiosperms is this: <span>The dominant sporophyte phase in the life cycles of both ferns and angiosperms includes the formation of leaves, roots, and stems. Hope this helps.</span>
A larger, biologically active protein complex is created when two or more protein subunits come together to form a quaternary structure.
A protein's quaternary structure is formed when several protein chains or subunits come together in a compact configuration. There are separate primary, secondary, and tertiary structures for each of the subunits. Hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces between nonpolar side chains hold the subunits together.
For a quaternary structure to function as a whole, the subunits must be arranged in a particular way. Any change to the subunits' structure or how they are linked results in noticeable adjustments in biological activity.
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