Answer:
Activation of infectious inflammation:
PAMPs are derived from microorganisms and thus drive inflammation in response to infections. After identifying microorganisms infections PAMPs by PRRs, activate cytoplasmic complexes called inflammasomes.
After activation of inflammasomes, these inflammasomes activate the protease caspase-1, which then cleaves or breaks various pro-inflammatory cytokines, resulting in maturation and cellular release that cause inflammatory reactions.
examples of vestigial structure would include the tail bone, wisdom teeth, and the appendix. hope this helps :)
Answer: a). AA
Explanation: Every trait is controlled by at least a pair of gene. Genes have different forms known as alleles. Alleles can be dominant or recessive. A dominant allele expresses itself in the presence of a recessive allele and masks the effect of a recessive allele. A recessive allele cannot express itself in the presence of a dominant allele and it's effect is masked by a dominant allele. Dominant alleles are usually written in upper cases such as A, T, while recessive alleles are usually written in lower cases such as a, t. The two alleles that determines a trait is called a genotype. A genotype can be homozygous if the two alleles are identical such as in AA or aa
and can be heterozygous if the two alleles are not identical such as in Aa, Tt.
<span>It will have little impact in the long run. Muscular dystrophy tends to interfere with the formation of muscular tissue, specifically it causes problems with the manufacturing of proteins necessary to maintain muscular tissue. This procedure would mean a temporary improvement in the subjects condition, but does not seem to provide a true permanent solution. Repetitive stem cell therapy may be able to slow down the conditions progression though.</span>
I think the answer you are looking for is that the stomach is the fourth level of organization.
