Nicotine on direct application in humans causes irritation and burning sensation in the mouth and throat, increased salivation, nausea, abdominal pain, vomiting and diarrhea. Predominant immediate effects consist of increase in pulse rate and blood pressure. Nicotine also causes an increase in plasma free fatty acids, hyperglycemia, and an increase in the level of catecholamines in the blood. There is reduced coronary blood flow but an increased skeletal muscle blood flow. The increased rate of respiration causes hypothermia, a hypercoagulable state, decreases skin temperature, and increases the blood viscosity.
For amphetamine the immediate effects are quicker reaction times, feelings of energy/wakefulness, excitement, increased attentiveness and concentration, feelings of euphoria. Side effects of amphetamines can include heart palpitations, dry mouth, headache, hostility, nausea, cognitive impairment, severe anxiety, lack of appetite, teeth grinding, dizziness, increased heart rate, heart palpitations, rapid breathing rate, hypertension (high blood pressure), increased body temperature, erectile dysfunction, irregular heartbeat.
Cocaine causes a short-lived, intense high that is immediately followed by the opposite intense depression, edginess and a craving for more of the drug the side effects are Loss of appetite increased heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature, contracted blood vessels increased rate of breathing, dilated pupils, disturbed sleep patterns, nausea, hyperstimulation, bizarre, erratic, sometimes violent behavior hallucinations, hyperexcitability, irritability, tactile hallucination that creates the illusion of bugs burrowing under the skin, intense euphoria, anxiety and paranoia, depression, intense drug craving, panic and psychosis, convulsions, seizures and sudden death from high doses (even one time)
Answer:
Option C
Explanation:
Complete question
Which term describes the perception of the body's movement through space?
A. nociception
B. neurasthenia
C. kinesthesia
D. dimensionality
Solution
The word Kinesthesia is made up of two words kinetic and anesthesia. On one side kinetic means movement while anesthesia means feeling, sensation, visions etc.
Whenever a person senses his/her body movement through space or any other kind of physical bodily movement or action, he/she actually faces Kinesthesia. This is also related with the Charles bell concept of sixth sense through which one could perceive sensation of static position or velocity of the movement
Hence, option C is correct
Answer:
The citric acid cycle is fundamental to produce the energy needed for aerobic cell metabolism, thereby mutations in the enzymes involved in this metabolic pathway would be lethal to the individual
Explanation:
In aerobic organisms, the citric acid cycle (also known as the Krebs cycle), is a key metabolic pathway used to remove electrons and uses them in the electron transport chain in order to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy currency of the cell. The citric acid cycle depends on eight enzymes that oxidize acetyl-CoA into two molecules each of carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O). Thus, the citric acid cycle is a series of chemical reactions that are key to breakdown carbohydrates, fats and proteins into CO2 and H2O in order to produce energy (ATP).
