<h2>Membrane potential </h2>
Explanation:
- Membrane potential represents charge difference across the membrane, all biological cells are negative inside (cytoplasm) and positive outside (due to difference in ionic distribution)
- In a typical neuron cell membrane potential of cytoplasm is negative at rest (when no stimulus is applied) hence called resting membrane potential
- Resting membrane potential of excitable cells is established by Na+ and K+pump
- Repolarization starts with the efflux of K+ by the opening of voltage gated K+ channels
- Voltage gated K+ channels starts to open when voltage gated Na+ channels becomes inactive
- Hyperpolarization occurs due to excessive efflux of K+ by voltage gated K+ channels
- Additional efflux of K+ occurs due to slow inactivation of voltage gated K+ channels
Answer:Rachel Carson Book's "Silent Spring" changed the way people thought and treated the Earth by showing the destructive impacts of pesticide use on animal life. Explanation: ... Silent Spring is considered the first worldwide warning against the harmful effects of pesticide use in agriculture.
Explanation:
The two basic reaction types are synthesis and decomposition. ... Decomposition reactions are the opposite of synthesis reactions because they take apart larger molecules and/or compounds. The generic equation for a synthesis reaction is A + B à AB, where A and B are the pieces that make up the compound/molecule AB.
Elephant organism => classifying Organism
Skin cells are together to provide protection and strength.