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spin [16.1K]
3 years ago
15

Trypanosome infections evade attacks by host immune systems through which of the following mechanisms? A. insertion of its DNA i

nto the nuclear DNA of host cells B. production of new cell-surface proteins with a different molecular structure by each new generation C. production of toxins that kill lymphocytes D. infection of lymphocytes leading to a decline in the host's ability to fight infection
Biology
1 answer:
lapo4ka [179]3 years ago
3 0

Answer:

<h2>Through production of news cell-surface proteins with a different molecular structure by each new generation. Letter B</h2>

Explanation:

The life cycle of theses paratises extracellular alternate between the salivary glands of the insect transmitter and the blood of the mammal. During the set prior to the entry into the host, the metacylic parasites express a dense over formed by the Variant Surface of Glycoprotein, after entering to the mammal host they transform  into a morphology that stays in the bloodstream.

<em>The parasites have to manipulate hosts cells in order to avoid the production of antimicrobial molecules and to benefit from growth factor production.</em>

<em>Intracellular protozoa have a remarkable adaptive capacity as they are able to resist killing by remodelling the phagosomal compartments where they reside and by interfering with the signalling pathway that leads to cellular activation. </em>

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The steps will be in order in the sequence 12,13,11,4 and 15

Explanation:

12. In glycolysis, glucose is converted into pyruvate. ATP and NADH ARE MADE.

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4. NADH and FADH2 lose their electrons and get converted back into NAD+ and FAD.

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3 years ago
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*Fill in the blank*
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The noncyclic pathway is a FLOW of electrons from water, to photosystem II, to PHOTOSYSTEM I to NADPH. Energy is released  as  ELECTRONS  move through the first electron transfer chain. This energy pumps HYDROGEN IONS  into the thylakoid compartment, and then they power the formation of ATP as they flow back out. Sunlight provides the energy needed to keep this cycle going.

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  1. Luminous energy is trapped by chlorophyll in Photosystem II.
  2. When the pigment molecules absorb light, electrons provided by water molecules get in a higher energy level.
  3. The excited electrons go through the electron transport chain from Photosystem II to a less energetic level in photosystem I.
  4. <em>When the excited electrons leave photosystem II, they are replaced by new electrons extracted from the water molecules. </em>
  5. Luminous energy absorbed move the electrons from the photosystem I to another electron acceptor, from where they get transported again and used to produce NADPH molecules.
  6. <em>When electrons leave Photosystem I, they are replaced by new electrons coming from photosystem II. </em>
  7. When the water molecule breaks down, hydrogen ions remain in the thylakoid lumen, from where they are pumped to the stroma by the ATP synthase.
  8. The released energy is used to produce ATP molecules.
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The final products are oxygen, ATP, and NADPH.  

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Related Link: brainly.com/question/13592516?referrer=searchResults

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D)independent

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An independent variable is a variable that is changed to test the prediction in an experiment. Independent variables are the cause in an experiment. They are the ones that produces the effect.

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3 years ago
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