Answer:
3. Size could
4. Beak's are advantageous because they have to be fit to eat the seeds that they need
Explanation:
size can affect because the bigger birds can fight the smaller birds off when they are eating the same product. Even with same beaks bigger birds will have an advantage.
Osmosis is the diffusion of water. Water tends to diffuse to the area with a higher concentration of solute. (Particles) In this case, Im assuming the fertilizer is the solute because it contains chemicals. Therefore, since water tends to diffuse to higher concentration of solute, the water in the grass will diffuse out to dilute the fertilizer on the surface of the grass. Without water, the grass will be dehydrated and shrivel up and die. Hopefully you find my answer helpful!
Long-term potentiation (LTP) is considered a cellular correlate of learning and memory. The presence of G protein-activated inwardly rectifying K(+) (GIRK) channels near excitatory synapses on dendritic spines suggests their possible involvement in synaptic plasticity. However, whether activity-dependent regulation of channels affects excitatory synaptic plasticity is unknown. In a companion article we have reported activity-dependent regulation of GIRK channel density in cultured hippocampal neurons that requires activity oF receptors (NMDAR) and protein phosphatase-1 (PP1) and takes place within 15 min. In this study, we performed whole-cell recordings of cultured hippocampal neurons and found that NMDAR activation increases basal GIRK current and GIRK channel activation mediated by adenosine A(1) receptors, but not GABA(B) receptors. Given the similar involvement of NMDARs, adenosine receptors, and PP1 in depotentiation of LTP caused by low-frequency stimulation that immediately follows LTP-inducing high-frequency stimulation, we wondered whether NMDAR-induced increase in GIRK channel surface density and current may contribute to the molecular mechanisms underlying this specific depotentiation. Remarkably, GIRK2 null mutation or GIRK channel blockade abolishes depotentiation of LTP, demonstrating that GIRK channels are critical for depotentiation, one form of excitatory synaptic plasticity.
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The answer is a. accessible population because an accessible population is the portion of the target population to which the researcher has reasonable access.
