The change in pitch of a train's horn as it passes while you are standing still can be explained by the Doppler effect. The correct option among all the options given in the question is option "A". When the sound source from the horn of the train comes closer, the sound seems to come closer each time a sound wave gets emitted. So it comes closer to us in a bunched form. The reverse happens when the train has just passed with each emitted sound going further and further away. The frequency of the sound seems to get lower as the train moves further away.
In vector form , if angle between velocity vector and acceleration vector is less than 90° and greater than 0° then it is positive acceleration and if it is less than 180° and greater than 90° then it is negative acceleration. If there is no acceleration vector then it is called zero acceleration
