Farmers faced tough times. While most Americans enjoyed relative prosperity for most of the 1920s, the Great Depression for the American farmer really began after World War I. Much of the Roaring '20s was a continual cycle of debt for the American farmer, stemming from falling farm prices and the need to purchase expensive machinery. When the stock market crashed in 1929 sending prices in an even more downward cycle, many American farmers wondered if their hardscrabble lives would ever improve.
The first major New Deal initiative aimed to help farmers attempted to raise farm prices to a level equitable to the years 1909-14. Toward this end, the AGRICULTURAL ADJUSTMENT ADMINISTRATION was created. One method of driving up prices of a commodity is to create artificial scarcity. Simply put, if farmers produced less, the prices of their crops and livestock would increase.
The AAA identified seven BASIC FARM PRODUCTS: wheat, cotton, corn, tobacco, rice, hogs, and milk. Farmers who produced these goods would be paid by the AAA to reduce the amount of acres in cultivation or the amount of LIVESTOCK raised. In other words, farmers were paid to farm less!
Adolph Johnson, a farmer in Rutland, Oregon, poses in front of his tobacco crop. The Agricultural Adjustment Act provided much needed relief for farmers by paying them not to grow crops, thus helping to adjust prices.
The press and the public immediately cried foul. To meet the demands set by the AAA, farmers plowed under millions of acres of already planted crops. Six million young pigs were slaughtered to meet the subsidy guidelines. In a time when many were out of work and tens of thousands starved, this wasteful carnage was considered blasphemous and downright wrong.
But farm income did increase under the AAA. Cotton, wheat, and corn prices doubled in three years. Despite having misgivings about receiving government subsidies, farmers overwhelmingly approved of the program. Unfortunately, the bounty did not trickle down to the lowest economic levels. Tenant farmers and sharecroppers did not receive government aid; the subsidy went to the landlord. The owners often bought better machinery with the money, which further reduced the need for farm labor. In fact, the Great Depression and the AAA brought a virtual end to the practice of sharecropping in America.
The Supreme Court put an end to the AAA in 1936 by declaring it unconstitutional. At this time the Roosevelt administration decided to repackage the agricultural subsidies as incentives to save the environment. After years and years of plowing and planting, much of the soil of the Great Plains and become depleted and weak. Great winds blew clouds of dust that fell like brown snow to cover homes across the region as residents of the "Dust Bowl" moved west in search of better times.
I think that the only reason Jacob Riis published many photographs similar to this was to <span>(4)increase public concern over tenement conditions</span>
Israel's leap towards great economic success is a result of its intensive and consistent development process that occurred throughout the 20th century.
Today, Israel has become an industrialized country that attracts a lot of foreign investments because of its production of hi-tech processes, tools, and machinery in the world.
There is a vast immigration of highly skilled work force in the country that significantly contributes to its success. Thus, the presence of educated and skilled workforce both domestic and immigratants have attracted lots of foreign investments in the country.
Generally speaking, collective learning is the ability to learn and transfer "knowledge" to others, through either direct, one-on-one action or indirect action.
Possibilism says that the physical environment is passive and man is an active agent in freedom to choose between many possibilities of environment. For possibilism, the development of human activity is the result of his initiative and man is the one who changes his condition of life, altering the natural environment. Therefore, Hong Kong and Saudi Arabia are cities and societys with Possibilism thinking because they have modified the natural environment to gigantic scales, creating their own natural environment where their cities thrive.
