There are several things.
Some which include of
<span>Hard Disk Drive (HDD)
</span><span>Processor (CPU)
</span><span>Graphics card
</span>and
<span>Memory (RAM)</span>
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Geographers can map for example the topography of the earth's surface using aerial photographs taken from a plane flying on regular flight paths at known altitudes. A topographic map with regular contour intervals and also showing infrastructure like roads and buildings can be created from this. Also, the LIDAR system can show features not observable on the ground by 'seeing' into the subsurface and detecting buried escarpments, trenches etc.