Nicotine on direct application in humans causes irritation and burning sensation in the mouth and throat, increased salivation, nausea, abdominal pain, vomiting and diarrhea. Predominant immediate effects consist of increase in pulse rate and blood pressure. Nicotine also causes an increase in plasma free fatty acids, hyperglycemia, and an increase in the level of catecholamines in the blood. There is reduced coronary blood flow but an increased skeletal muscle blood flow. The increased rate of respiration causes hypothermia, a hypercoagulable state, decreases skin temperature, and increases the blood viscosity.
For amphetamine the immediate effects are quicker reaction times, feelings of energy/wakefulness, excitement, increased attentiveness and concentration, feelings of euphoria. Side effects of amphetamines can include heart palpitations, dry mouth, headache, hostility, nausea, cognitive impairment, severe anxiety, lack of appetite, teeth grinding, dizziness, increased heart rate, heart palpitations, rapid breathing rate, hypertension (high blood pressure), increased body temperature, erectile dysfunction, irregular heartbeat.
Cocaine causes a short-lived, intense high that is immediately followed by the opposite intense depression, edginess and a craving for more of the drug the side effects are Loss of appetite increased heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature, contracted blood vessels increased rate of breathing, dilated pupils, disturbed sleep patterns, nausea, hyperstimulation, bizarre, erratic, sometimes violent behavior hallucinations, hyperexcitability, irritability, tactile hallucination that creates the illusion of bugs burrowing under the skin, intense euphoria, anxiety and paranoia, depression, intense drug craving, panic and psychosis, convulsions, seizures and sudden death from high doses (even one time)
Answer:
Evergreens are plants that maintain their leaves in all seasons and include trees such as pine, cedar, and mango. 2. Deciduous trees lose their leaves seasonally and include trees such as elm and maple. 3. Hardwoods reproduce using flowers and have broad leaves: hardwoods include trees such as maple, elm, and mango. 4. Conifer leaves are generally thin and needle-like, while seeds are contained in cones. Conifers include pine and cedar.
Explanation:
- Evergreens plants: These plants keep the foliage the year. They change leaves during their whole life, but the frequency in which they change them is not the same as the deciduous plants, and this event does not coincide with any season in particular. They do not need to lose leaves during unfavorable seasons. These species develop different strategies and adaptations to go through unfavorable weather conditions. They have special leaves to avoid water loss or freezing, some of them are thin and needle-like shaped, or might be covered with wax or fuzz. Example: Pine, cedar.
- Deciduous plants: During autumn and winter, deciduous trees from temperate forests need to store different nutrients that will be used for the plant growth during the following spring. Storaging nutrients in leaves require too much energy and constant photosynthetic activity, which might be very difficult for the plant to support during these colder seasons. To confront this situation, these species have developed some strategies such as leaves senescence. The tree stops supplying water and nutrients to the leaves, so these last ones stop producing chlorophyll. When this molecule is completely lost, other pigments that were masked by chlorophyll, show up. Before senescence occurs, pigments such as carotenoid, anthocyanin, or pheophytin reveal yellow, orange, red, purple, and brown tones, which are the characteristic autumn colors. Example: maple and elm
- Angiosperm characterize for their reproductive strategy, producing flowers and fruits, and dispersing by their seeds. These last ones are located in an ovary (in the fruit). These species attract pollinizers through the flower characteristics and reward and attract animals with their fruits, guaranteeing seeds dispersion. Example: maple and mango
- Gymnosperm does not develop flowers nor fruits. They have naked seeds on the surface of scams or leaves. Seeds frequently develop in pine cones, which are specialized branches. Example: Pine, cedar
- Conifer belongs to the Gymnosperm.
Answer:
Explanation:
A) to determine amino acid sequence of the protein produced by that gene. We will use cDNA library, we will hybridize given part of DNA sequence ( as this part only contains exon part). Than we will isolate the hybridize part and translate this sequence using generic coding table.
B) for determine presence or absence of introns in gene used isolated cDNA in first question. Now we will add this cDNA to DNA library. Here cDNA due to complementary mature binds with DNA. If cDNA binds completely with gene with out looping part of gene it shows that gene is having only exons .
And if along with hybridization part some looped part present in between-- it shows both exons and intron are present.
C) for determining alternative splicing we will use cDNA library.
d) to determine length of mature mRNA which includes both the UTR and poly A sequence we will go for cDNA cloning and look for particular cDNA complementary to DNA segments. And later we isolate that cDNA and examine its whole length
E) to determine which cells in the tribble body express this particular mRNA . We use fluorescent tagged small DNA part provided. Then we will add this DNA probe to supplied tribes. The cells which are expressing , will have cDNA will bind to probe and florescent can be detected. Cells which are not expressing that gene, here probe will not bind and no fluorescence.
F) to determine that whose blood strain is this. We will do VBTR profiling . Which VNTR profiling similar to belief stain help to determine which blood stain is this.
