Biotic factors can influence ecosystems, since they cause major changes in the environment by activities originated by living organisms. Deforestation, for example, reduces food and habitat for all organisms that make up an ecosystem, being a biotic factor with a high impact on ecological balance. In the same way, the outbreak of some disease that affects an entire population can unbalance the trophic relations, causing a collapse in the ecosystem.
The intra and interspecific relationships are also considered biotic factors that act in the functioning of an ecosystem, since it is through these relationships that the ecological balance is maintained. Predation, for example, keeps the population of primary consumers stable, preventing overexploitation of resources. Other relations commonly established between organisms are mutualism (mandatory association for the life of both species), competition (which may be for food resources, sexual partners or territory) and parasitism (a parasite survives by consuming its host, and may even kill him).
Answer:
- أكثر أنواع التربة خصوبة التربة
- الحمراء .
ج- السوداء
Based on the scenario, i think the one that describe this project is : C. market failure
If the road was built as a federal project, it should have low cost and cover a wide area of the region
hope this helps
Answer:
Statement 1,2,3,4 are correct.
#1. The reward/control circuits of the addiction pathway are hijacked by changes in brain chemistry altered by substance abuse.#1. The reward/control circuits of the addiction pathway are hijacked by changes in brain chemistry altered by substance abuse.
#2. The "go" circuit becomes overactive and drives compulsive substance use.
#3. The "stop" circuit does not function properly and is overridden by the "go" switch.
#4. Drug cravings hijack survival mechanisms in the old brain and override rational actions of the new brain.
Explanation:
Substance abuse
This is simply known as a maladaptive pattern of substance use. It occur over the last 12 months and can leads to impairment of occupational, physical, or social functioning in a man.
Substance dependence
This is when an individual is having substance abuse in addition with withdrawal symptoms, tolerance or a pattern of compulsive use. The down regulation in substance abuse can also leads to a defective reward circuit (flat feelings, depression etc ) and leaves user with a need for more or different drugs.
The answer is False or False less than half.
Hope I could help! :)
