Charlemagne restored him and protected him from being driven out again
hope this helps
The correct answer should be Advances in Technology and Industrial revolution
Mexican-American war happened in the 40s so that's before 1860, while a war with Spain occurred in 1898 which is after the mentioned period. They did advance in technology exactly due to the industrial revolution. An agrarian revolution. An agricultural revolution didn't happen in the US because of the Long depression that slowed it all down.
Matthew's Gospel was to Jewish Christian
Mark's Gospel was to a non Jewish gentile Christians undergoing persecution
Luke was to largely gentile Christians (world)