A) Federalism means that the states answer to the federal government and federal laws are supreme. b) Legislative branch is the branch that creates the laws (but don't sign them) and also aprove the budget. They have the power to impeach the president of they are on a federal level. c) Judicial branch are the judges, the supreme court interprets laws and their verdict is supreme d) Checks and balances means that all branches have power over one-another. An example would be the president (executive) can veto a bill the legislative branch created but the legislative branch can impeach the president.
Local elections. Local elections have the lowest turnout and thus the highest influence per voter. Most independent candidates have won in local elections.
He is referring to the bombing of Britain by Hitler's forces (also known as the Nazis). He was also said to have stated about this "It is not the size of the dog in the fight; but the size of the fight in the dog."