I had to look for the options and here is my answer:
Within the domain of logistics management, the customer service concept suggests that the firms should simultaneously establish customer service levels and logistic costs in order to achieve the given strategic goals. (The answer is based on the actual options given).
Answer:
increasing returns to scale
Explanation:
The biggest barrier for other firms are increasing returns to scale. This is because Eric and Chris have their company already established and also have their clientele all hooked up and using their service. This allows them to produce a much higher electrical output for their clients with a certain Income. Newer companies will need a much higher income just to be able to produce a similar electrical output in order to try and compete with Eric and Chris.
Bonds will be the least risky since there is no risk involved at all. Bonds give out guaranteed payments and A rated bonds will be even more secure.
The next would be property. Since property is a physical asset, the risk involved is relatively lower than stocks.
The next would be retirement plans which would typically have bonds and stocks.
The most risky would be speculative stocks.
The order from least risky to most risky would be:
1. A rated bonds
2. Property
3. Retirement plans
4. Speculative stocks
A substitute is something you replace and use something different in it's place.
Complement is something added to enhance the original
Answer:
C. Responsiveness of quantity demanded to a percentage change in income.
Explanation:
Income elasticity is defined as the responsiveness of the quantity of a good demanded by an individual as his income changes, all other factors being constant.
Mathematically it is calculated as percentage change in quantity demanded divided by percentage change in income.
Income elasticity is used to find out if a good is a necessity or a luxury good.
The demand for goods that are a necessity does not change with a change in income.
However demand for a luxury good increases as income increases and vice versa
