The conduction of nerve impulses relies upon the movement of positively-charged ions across the nerve cell membrane. The entry of sodium into the cell produces a wave of positive charge that travels down the length of an axon. Then chemicals called neurotransmitters are secreted out of the end of the axon onto the next nerve in the series (the postsynpatic nerve). This narrow space in between neurons is called the synapse. These neurotransmiiters released by the presynaptic nerve bind to receptors on the postsynaptic nerve. The binding of these receptors opens up channels in this second nerve's membrane that allow sodium ions to enter the nerve cell and initiate another wave of positive charge, and so on... The nerve signal can only move as fast as these ions and neurotransmitters can diffuse to generate this process.
<span>As a professional athlete repeats a given activity many times over, the nerve cells "upregulate" their receptors, meaning that they produce additional receptors to put in the membrane. This is just a natural reaction to the nerve being repeatedly stimulated in the same way over and over. When neurotransmitter is secreted from the presynaptic neuron, there are more receptors on the postsynaptic neuron for it to bind, more channels open up, more ions enter in a shorter time and build up positive charge to create the impulse faster, and so the overall effect is faster. </span>
<span>Additionally, there are sheaths of fatty tissue (called myelin) that insulate the charge in the neuron and allow it to be conducted faster. As people age, these sheaths can start to degrade, making the nerve cell more "leaky" and causing the impulse to be conducted more slowly. </span>
Answer:
External factors include physical and chemical signals. Growth factors are proteins that stimulate cell division. – Most mammal cells form a single layer in a culture dish and stop dividing once they touch other cells.
Explanation:
From Google
It may be 166, but you may want to check my math
Answer:
Cytokinesis is a phase in which two daughter cells are separated from one another.
Explanation:
Cytokinesis is a phase in which cytoplasm of the cell is divided into two equal parts after the cell division i. e. mitosis or meiosis. Cytoplasm is a main part of the cell which contains different organelles of the cell such as mitochondria, ribosome, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi bodies, lysosomes and vacuole etc. It also contains nutrients, enzymes and water in large amount.
