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3 years ago

Why do valence electrons determine how an atom interacts with other atoms?

Chemistry

2 answers:

Gelneren [198K]3 years ago

6 0

Answer: Option (C) is the correct answer.

Explanation:

Valence electrons are the electrons which are present in the outer most shell of an atom. Valence electrons are away from the nucleus of the atom. Hence, there is no attraction between nucleus and valence electrons of an atom

When an atom comes in contact with another atom then it is the outer most electrons which get donated or transfer between the atoms. As a result, a bond is formed due to valence electrons.

Whereas electrons present in the inner most shells are strongly attracted by the nucleus of the atom. Hence, they are no available for formation of a bond. Hence, they do not participate in bond formation.

Thus, we can conclude that valence electrons determine how an atom interacts with other atoms as they are on the outside of the atom.

shusha [124]3 years ago

3 0

A) They are on the outside of an atom

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How many miles are there in 27 grams of aluminum?

Alex17521 [72]

Aluminum Al2713 has an atomic molar mass of 27 grams per mole.

Al has 13 protons (hence number 13) and it most common isotope 14 neutrons for a total mass of 27 amu. ( The 13 electrons add no measurable mass to the atom)

Take the grams and divide by the molar mass

= 2 moles

7 0

3 years ago

Consider the following system at equilibrium where AH° = -10.4 kJ, and K. = 55.6, at 698 K. H2(E) +13(g) = 2HIE) If the VOLUME o

Andrews [41]

Answer:

For 1: The correct answer is Option C.

For 2: The correct answer is Option B.

For 3: The correct answer is Option C.

For 4: The correct answer is Option C.

Explanation:

We are given:

$K_e=55.6$

$\Delta H^o_{rxn}=-10.4kJ$

For the given chemical reaction:

$H_2(g)+I_2(g)\rightarrow 2HI(g)$

Any change in the equilibrium is studied on the basis of Le-Chatelier's principle. This principle states that if there is any change in the variables of the reaction, the equilibrium will shift in the direction to minimize the effect.

Any change in volume during equilibrium is studied on the basis of change of moles of reactants and products.

When volume is decreased, the equilibrium will shift in the direction which produces fewer moles of gas and when volume is increased, the equilibrium will shift in the direction which produces more moles of gas.

Number of moles of gases on reactant side = [1 + 1] = 2

Number of moles of gases on product side = 2

Change in number of moles = 2 -2 = 0

As, number of moles on both the side of the reaction is same. This means there will be no effect on change in volume.

For 1:

As, there is no effect of volume on equilibrium. So, the equilibrium constant remains the same.

Hence, the correct answer is Option C.

For 2:

$K_c$ is the constant of a certain reaction at equilibrium while $Q_c$ is the quotient of activities of products and reactants at any stage other than equilibrium of a reaction.

There are 3 conditions:

When $K_{e}>Q_c$ ; the reaction is product favored.
When $K_{e}$ ; the reaction is reactant favored.
When $K_{e}=Q_c$ ; the reaction is in equilibrium.

As, the value of $K_e$ is not changing. This means that value of $Q_c$ is will also remain the same.

Hence, the correct answer is Option B.

For 3:

As, the equilibrium constant is not changing. So, the reaction is present at equilibrium.

Hence, the correct answer is Option C.

For 4:

The reaction is present at equilibrium. So, the concentration of iodine will remain the same.

Hence, the correct answer is Option C.

7 0

4 years ago

The energy needed for the following process is 1.960 × 104 kJ/mol: Li(g) → Li3+(g) + 3e− If the first ionization energy of lithi

Nostrana [21]

Answer:

Second Ionization energy, IE₂ = 7.27 x 10³ kJ/mol

Explanation:

Using En = -2.18 x 10¹⁸ J (Z²)(1/n²)

Z = atomic number; n = energy state of electron

Lithium has atomic number, Z = 3

Energy for n = 1:

E₁ = -2.18 x 10¹⁸ J (3²)(1/1²) = -1.962 x 10⁻¹⁷ J

When an electron is completely remove from an atom, n = ∞

Energy for n = ∞:

E∞ = -2.18 x 10¹⁸ J (3²)(1/∞²) = 0 J

Energy absorbed by the electron in order to be removed from the atom completely, ΔE = E∞ - E₁

ΔE = 0 - (-1.962 x 10⁻¹⁷ J) = 1.962 x 10⁻¹⁷ J = 1.962 x 10⁻²⁰ kJ

Ionization energy in kJ/mole of Li²⁺ ions, IE₃ is then calculated thus:

1 mole of Li²⁺ ions contains 6.02 x 10²³ ions

Ionization energy in kJ/mole of Li²⁺ ions = 1.962 x 10⁻²⁰ kJ x 6.02 x 10²³ = 1.185 x 10⁴ kJ/mol

Total energy, Etotal = IE₁ + IE₂ + IE₃

Second Ionization energy, IE₂ = Etotal - ( IE₁ + IE₃

IE₂ = 1.960 x 10⁴ kJ/mol - (520 kJ/mol + 1.185 x 10⁴ kJ/mol)

IE₂ = 7.27 x 10³ kJ/mol

8 0

3 years ago

The enthalpy of fusion of aluminum is 10.7 kJ/mol. How many grams of aluminum can be melted by adding 81.4 kJ of energy to the m

Rina8888 [55]

Answer:

The correct answer is 205.4 g Al

Explanation:

Given the enthalpy of fusion (ΔHf) of aluminum (Al), the amount of heat required to melt the substance is calculated as follows:

heat = ΔHf x moles Al

We have the following data:

ΔHf = 10.7 kJ/mol

heat= 81.4 kJ

So, we calculate the moles of Al we can melt:

moles =heat/ΔHf= 81.4 kJ/(10.7 kJ/mol)= 7.61 moles

The relation between moles and grams of Al is given by the molar mass of Al (27 g/mol). Thus, we multiply the moles of Al by the molar mass to calculate the grams of Al we can melt:

grams = 7.61 moles x 27 g/mol = 205.4 g

3 0

4 years ago

Why do atoms go through radioactive decay?

Alecsey [184]

They go through radioactive decay because when atoms are unstable by going through it they are emitting radiation in natural process and they gain stability by losing energy.

8 0

3 years ago