Hey there!
The reason why a pencil must be used to draw in a paper chromatography is because its meant to split up the mixture of compounds into its sub parts.
Hope this helped you
<em>Tobey</em>
Answer:
The second ionization energy of an atom is always greater than its first ionization energy.
Explanation:
<em>Ionization energies are always negative quantities.</em> FALSE. Ionization energies are always positive because they represent the energy that has to be added to a neutral gaseous atom to remove 1 electron. By convention, energy absorbed goes with the positive sign.
X(g) + 1 I.E. ⇒ X(g)⁺ + 1 e⁻
<em>Oxygen has a larger first ionization energy than fluorine.</em> FALSE. First ionization energy (1 I.E) is the energy required to remove 1 electron from a neutral gaseous atom. First ionization energy for Oxygen is 13.61 eV and for Fluorine is 17.42 eV, that is, more energy is required to remove an electron from F than from O.
<em>The second ionization energy of an atom is always greater than its first ionization energy.</em> TRUE. The energy required to remove 1 electron from a +1 cation (second ionization energy) is always greater than the first ionization energy because of the attraction between the cation and the electron.
X(g)⁺ + 2 I.E. ⇒ X(g)⁺² + 1 e⁻
<em>The third ionization energy is the energy needed to ionize three electrons from a neutral atom.</em> FALSE. The third ionization energy (3 I.E.) is the energy required to remove 1 electron from a +2 cation.
X(g)⁺² + 3 I.E. ⇒ X(g)⁺³ + 1 e⁻
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