Question

There is also a very real financial cost associated with HAIs. The CDC has estimated that annual direct _______ costs of HAIs to U.S. hospitals range from $28.4 to $33.8 billion.  There are also costs to the patient such as lost wages, diminished productivity, as well as intangible costs. These can include pain and suffering, psychological costs like anxiety and grief, or changes in social functioning.

Answer 1

I believe that the answer to the question provided above is that the  CDC has estimated that annual direct medicinal costs of HAIs to U.S. hospitals range from $28.4 to $33.8 billion.
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Answer 2

The right answer is medical (or medicinal).

Some patients are more fragile and will be more easily susceptible to nosocomial infections: elderly patients and newborns, immuno-depressed patients (who have diseases or treatments affecting their defense system such as chemotherapy), burn victims, diabetic patients, patients undergoing antibiotic treatment (which can unbalance the bacterial flora usually present and select resistant bacteria ...).

Invasive procedures such as perfusion, urinary catheters, artificial ventilation or surgery, although necessary for treatment, will also contribute to nosocomial infections.