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Luden [163]
3 years ago
6

Why cellular respiration gives us CO2

Biology
1 answer:
erica [24]3 years ago
7 0

Cellular respiration includes <em>aerobic respiration</em>.

<em>Aerobic respiration occurs in the mitochondrion</em>, and includes

  • the citric-acid cycle, which
  • takes pyruvate, and
  • <em>produces waste (CO2, ATP, FADH2, and NADH)</em>

These where just a few notes I took a week or so ago. I hope it helps.

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When the animal cells undergo cell division, several cellular structures aid the movement of chromosomes into the two new daught
Nitella [24]

i pretty sure its Cytokinesis and Spindle Fibers.


3 0
3 years ago
In Drosophila, the genes for withered wings (whd), smooth abdomen (sm) and speck body (sp) are located on chromosome 2 and are s
lesya692 [45]

Answer:

A) 47; B) 33; C) 272; D) 122

Explanation:

The three genes are linked.

The female with withered wings and a smooth abdomen has the genotype whd sm sp+/whd sm sp+.

The male with a speck body has the genotype whd+ sm+ sp/whd+ sm+ sp.

Both individuals are homozygous for all genes, so each of them only produces one type of gamete. The resulting F1 therefore has the genotype whd sm sp+/ whd+ sm+ sp, heterozygous for all genes and with a wild-type phenotype.

The females of the F1 were mated with homozygous recessive males (test cross): whd sm sp/whd sm sp.

<h3>A)</h3>

If we assume interference is 0, the probability of crossing over happening between the genes whd and sm is independent from the probability of crossing over happening between sm and sp.

The distance = frequency of recombination × 100, so the frequency of recombination (RF) between genes whd and sm is 0.305 and the RF between genes sm and sp is 0.155.

<u>The expected double crossover progeny among the 1000 offspring will be:</u>

RF whd-sm × RF sm-sp  × 1000 =

0.305  × 0.155 × 1000 = 47 individuals will be double crossover.

<h3>B)</h3>

Interference is 0.3

The interference is calculated as 1- coefficient of coincidence (cc).

cc = observed double crossover/expected double crossover

Therefore:

I = 1 - cc

cc = 1 - I

<u>cc = 0.7</u>

Observed DCO / 47 = 0.7

Observed DCO = 0.7  × 47

Observed DCO ≅ 33

<h3>C)</h3>

The parental gametes are whd sm sp+ and whd+ sm+ sp (the genotype of the F1 female is known).

Looking at them and at the gene map we can tell that the gametes that give rise to withered wings, speck body (whd sm+ sp) and smooth abdomen (whd+ sm sp+) phenotypes are the result of recombination occurring between genes whd and sm.

To calculate the expected number of individuals with those phenotypes among the 1000 progeny we need to determine the frequency of recombination between the genes whd and sm considering there's interference.

The distance whd-sm = RF x 100

The recombination frequency is the sum of the single crossover between whd and sm and the double crossovers.

The frequency of DCO is 33/1000=0.033.

Distance whd-sm/ 100 = SCOwhd-sm + DCO

0.305 - 0.033 = SCO whd-sm

<u>Frequency of SCO whd-sm= 0.272</u>

And the expected number of individuals with those phenotypes will be 0.272 x 1000 = 272.

<h3>D)</h3>

The gametes that originate the phenotypes withered wings, speck body, smooth abdomen (whd sm sp) and wild type (whd+ sm+ sp+) are the result of recombination between genes sm and sp.

Distance sm-sp/ 100 = SCOsm-sp + DCO

0.155 - 0.033 = SCOsm-sp

<u>Frequency of SCO sm-sp= 0.122</u>

And the expected number of individuals with those phenotypes will be 0.122 x 1000 = 122.

6 0
3 years ago
A zoology student is investigating whether it is true that the gender of turtles depends on the temperature at which the turtle
AlladinOne [14]
The independent variable is the temperature. Independent variable refers to the  variable in an experiment that can be changed by the scientists or the one making the experiment. A good experiments has a single independent variable and the changes observed will be the dependent variable. In this case, the dependent variable is the gender of the turtle.
3 0
3 years ago
Scientists have discovered a fossil skeleton of a whale-like creature that lived in the early Eocene epoch. The skeleton shows a
soldier1979 [14.2K]
A. Ancestors of whales may once have been able to walk.
4 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
What cells produce the hormone testosterone ?
Svetlanka [38]

Answer:

Leydig cells

Explanation:

7 0
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