Answer:
<u>3) Uncontrolled cell division occurred as a result of gene mutations</u>
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Explanation:
Spontaneous modifications within the genome may occur during the process of cell division. When copies of the DNA inside the cell are made, these mutations cause errors; and can include small single nucleotide polymorphisms, and large scale additions or deletions across multiple genes.
Some, like somatic mutations, exist only inside vegetative (body) cells, that cannot be passed onto offspring. This is caused by several factors like
- UV radiation,
- chemical mutagens,
- infective agents
UV radiation damages strands of DNA, by causing dimers to form; here, consecutive nucleotide bases covalently bond instead of those on the complementary strand. This conformational change causes errors in DNA proofreading and repair mechanisms where bases are not well-incorporated into the strand- tumors (clumps of uncontrolled cell growth) may form, resulting in melanoma, a type of skin cancer.
Answer:
The above paragraphs describes that how salt- and fresh-water fish regulates their osmoregulation. Hence, the correct answer would be c. have adapted to deal with osmosis.
Osmosis is the process by which solvent's molecule move from region of low concentration (hypo-tonic) to the region of high concentration (hyper-tonic) through a semi-permeable membrane.
In sea-water fishes, the body fluids are hypo-tonic to the surrounding water and thus water is kept moving out of their gills. In order to prevent the excess water loss they need to drink water constantly and excrete concentrated urine.
In contrast, fresh-water fishes body fluids are hyper-tonic to surrounding water and hence, water keeps entering in their body through gills. So, in order to prevent excess dilution they absorb salt from surrounding with the help of gills and also their bodies reabsorb salt from urine.
The acetabulum is a fossa formed by the ilium, ischium and pubis which with the femoral head forms the coxal joint.
The acetabulum is made up of the three bones that make up the coxal bone (hip bone).
The ischium, which offers the lower and side limits to the acetabulum, makes up somewhat more than two-fifths of the structure.
Less than two-fifths of the acetabulum's structure is provided by the ilium, which also serves as the top limit of the joint.
The pubis, which is close to the midline, forms the remainder.
The acetabulofemoral joint (art. coxae), also known as the coxal joint, is the joint between the head of the femur and the acetabulum of the pelvis.
Its main job is to support the weight of the body in both static (such as while standing) and dynamic (such as when walking or running) postures.
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Lions are usually bigger.
