A short term goal would be one you could achieve in a week. Eg: I would like to loose two pounds this week, and go to the gym 5 times. Thats a short term goal because it can be achieved in a short term.
A long term goal would be a goal you could achieve over half a year. Eg: I would like to make the Track Team, and get podium in two races. That is a long term goal because it can be achieved in a long term period of time. Hope this helps, Please rate as Best Answer!