Answer:
With the invention of the PCR technique , DNA profiling took huge strides forward in both discriminating power and the ability to recover information from very small or degraded starting samples.
The process of PCR mimics the biological process of DNA replication but confines it to specific DNA sequences of interest.
In PCR process , the DNA sample is denatured into separate individual polynucleotide strands through heating. Two oligonucleotide DNA primers are used to hybridise to two corresponding nearby sites on opposite DNA strands. Thus two new copies of the sequences of interest are generated.
Repeated denaturation , hybridisation and extension in this fashion produce an exponentially growing number of copies of the DNA of interest.
Quantitative PCR methods enable automated , precise and high - throughput measurements.
Answer:
Xylem is different from phloem structurally and functionally
Explanation:
Xylem conducts water and minerals to the leaves where phloem transports the prepared food from leaves to different parts of plant body.
Circulatory system. This includes blood.
Answer:
Olfactory system
Explanation:
In an olfactory system, odor molecules are perceived by the olfactory receptors. These odor molecules are nothing but the chemicals which are then transduced as chemical signals into the electrical signals and sent to the brain. The brain perceives these electrical signals as smell.
The odorant particles bind to the specific receptors located at cilia which then signal through the G protein Gαolf which then activate adenylate cyclase. Adenylate cyclase leads to cAMP production which then open a cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel through which both sodium and calcium ion entern into the cell. Calcium ion then activates chloride channels and thereby causing transduction of electrical signal
