8-2 Telling Them Apart. From the following list of properties, indicate which one(s) can be used to distinguish between each of
the following pairs of transport mechanisms. Transport Mechanisms (a) Simple diffusion; facilitated diffusion (b) Facilitated diffusion; active transport (c) Simple diffusion; active transport (d) Direct active transport; indirect active transport (e) Symport; antiport (f) Uniport; coupled transport (g) P-type ATPase; V-type ATPase Properties 1. Directions in which two transported solutes move 2. Direction the solute moves relative to its concentration gradient or its electrochemical potential 3. Kinetics of solute transport
(a) Simple diffusion; Faciliated diffusion-Directions in which two transported solutes move
In simple diffusion diffusion of non polar compounds across the membrane and along the concentration gradient without the involvement of protein whereas in case of facilitated diffusion membrane transport proteins that facilitate movement pf molecules across the membrane down its concentration gradient
Both the diffusions does not require energy
(b) Facilitated diffusion; active transport-Direction the solute moves relative to its concentration gradient
In facilitated diffusion membrane transport proteins that facilitate movement of molecules across the membrane down its concentration gradient without the expenditure of energy
Active transport drives transportation of solute against the concentration gradient across the membrane
(c) Simple diffusion; Active transport-Directions in which two transported solutes move and Direction the solute moves relative to its concentration gradient
In simple diffusion diffusion of non polar compouds across the membrane and along the concentration gradient without the involvement of protein and energy
Active transport drives transportation of solute against the concentration gradient across the membrane;secondary active transporters coupled with transportation of two solute molecules
(d) Direct active transport; Indirect active transport-Direction the solute moves relative to its concentration gradient or its electrochemical potential
Direct active transport use direct energy such as ATP hydrolysis,oxidation and sunlight energy
Indirect active transport use indirect energy such as chemical gradient,electrochemical gradient established by direct active transporters;one solute moves along the concentration gradient while other moves against the concentration gradient
(e) Symport; Antiport-Direction in which two transported solutes move
In symport both the solute molecules move in same direction;coupled with primary active transport(direct transport)
In antiport both the solutes moves in opposite direction;coupled with secondary active transport(indirect transport)
(f) Uniport; coupled transport-Directions in which two transported solutes move
Uniport is the transport of single solute across the membrane
Coupled transport is the transport of two solute molecules across the membrane;it may be symport or antiport
(g) P-type ATPase; V-type ATPase-Kinetics of solute transport
P-type ATPase always transport cations and undergoes phosphorylation
V-type ATPase(here V stands for vacuole) transport protons and no phosphorylation occurs;catalytic activity is not reversible
Unicellular organisms or single celled organisms that are made up only of one cell. Hence the name.
Unicellular organisms are further divided into Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic organisms
Examples of prokaryotic organisms are bacteria and Eukaryotic are protozoa and unicellular algae, however many eukaryotes are multi cellular as well.
These organisms have to carry out life sustaining metabolic processes for their survival.
These processes are metabolism, homeostasis and reproduction. Metabolism is important as it involves conversion of food into energy for cellular processes. Homeostasis for maintaining a constant internal physical and chemical conditions and reproduction is by cell division.
Multi cellular organisms as the name says unlike unicellular organisms consists of more than one cells.
Examples of multi cellular organisms are animals, land plants etc.,
Metabolic process in multi cellular organisms is a broad category of processes happening for these organisms which involves chemical reactions and pathways that happen at organismal state, transporting substances between the cells.
Lavender is a purple colored flower which is often used in making soaps and potpourri. Potpourri is a mixture of dried flowers which looks very beautiful and gives pleasant aroma to the air. Lavender flowers have become recently very popular. Spices for soaps and potpourri are prepared after drying the flower. it is used in many things like lotions and other body care products.
