Changes made for the sake of overall effects desired by dramatists.
The speaker is talking about the water. During winter, the water enters the cracks and freezes and expands. It breaks the stone and makes cracks and when the water melts the holes are bigger. What he is describing is mechanical weathering which is common in nature.
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I know the answer isn't C or D. A or B both seem likely until you see that B involves a 'comma without a conjunction,' either way you should never put a comma before 'and'; I am not sure why but I am pretty sure this only applies in a formal document. So your answer is A.
