The East–West Schism (also the Great Schism or Schism of 1054) is the break of communion since the 11th century between the Catholic Church and Eastern Orthodox Churches.[1] The schism was the culmination of theological and political differences which had developed during the preceding centuries between Eastern and Western Christianity.
East–West Schism
Date
January–July 1054
Also known as
Great Schism,
Schism of 1054
Type
Christian Schism
Cause
Ecclesiastical differences
Theological and Liturgical disputes
Participants
Pope Leo IX
Ecumenical Patriarch Michael I Cerularius
Outcome
Permanent split of the two churches into the modern-day Catholic Church and Eastern Orthodox Churches
A succession of ecclesiastical differences and theological disputes between the Greek East and Latin West pre-dated the formal split that occurred in 1054.[1][2][3] Prominent among these were the issues of the procession of the Holy Spirit, whether leavened or unleavened bread should be used in the Eucharist,[a] the Bishop of Rome's claim to universal jurisdiction, and the place of the See of Constantinople in relation to the pentarchy.[7]
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