The defecation reflex involves two postive feedback loops. these loops are the stretch receptors in the rectal walls and the sacral parasympathetic system. Defecation reflex empties the rectum by peristaltic movements push fecal matter from the sigmoid colon into the rectum. Then this distension of the rectal walls stimulates stretch receptors which results in defecation.
        
             
        
        
        
Answer:
The organism belongs to the Protista kingdom as it is unicellular, has cell walls, and has the ability to produce spores.
 
        
             
        
        
        
Plasma caries minerals, vitamins, sugars, and other nutrients. 
        
             
        
        
        
Answer:
I think the answer would be D. 
Explanation:
Maria would want to test her hypothesis with another experiment; the type listed in answer D. 
 
        
             
        
        
        
Answer: Option A) Yes, the 5th amino acid in the sequence has changed. 
Explanation:
Absolutely, the change of CCG to CAG does cause the amino acid Proline to be substituted by Glutamine.
Thus, the single base change of cytosine to adenine in CCG and CAG resulted in a different protein.