1.To produce organisms with new traits, breeders can introduce mutations (usually in bacteria) using radiation or chemicals, or they can create polyploid plants. Polyploidy describes an organism with multiple sets of chromosomes.
2.An outline of the relationship between mutations and genetic variation. A mutation is known to be a natural process in which theDNA sequences is changed in a living organisms. Although, genetic variation is the change in both alleles and genes, both throughout and amongst the population.
3. Assuming the traits are recessive, and this is not a case of incomplete dominance, begin crossing any plants you have. Hopefully, you will have two heterozygous plants (for both traits) and will see at least one trait show recessive in one of the progeny. If you are lucky, you will get two plants, one recessive for red flowers, one recessive for short stems. Cross the two, and you will get a completely recessive individual.
Answer:
46 chromosomes are present in somatic cell
Answer:
Explanation:
1. Topoisomerase is an enzyme helps in over winding Or underwinding of DNA during replication. Helps in the topological correction. So non-functional topoisomerase leads to tangled DNA and prevents replication..
2. Primases are the enzymes helps in the synthesis of short RNA sequences used as primers in replication. Non functional primase leads to no primer synthesis.
3. DNA Polymerase is an enzyme helps in the addition of new nucleotide to the growing strand in replication. Non functional DNA polymerase prevents the strand growing as no new nucleotides were added.
4. Helicases are the enzymes helps in the separation of double strands into single and helps in each strand to be copied. Non functional helicase leads to prevention of unwinding of strands and replication inhibition.
5. ligase is an enzyme that joins nicks(small gaps) in the DNA strand by creating ester bond. Non functional ligase leads to unjointed gaps of lagging strand.
6. Single strand binding proteins(SSB's) are the small proteins that binds to the single strands of DNA and holds them in a place not to get together while replicating. Non functional SSB's leads to parental strands come back together and prevents replication.
