We administered 300 mg of clindamycin intravenously at 12-h intervals for 2 days to patients with acute and chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and controls to determine whether clindamycin will exacerbate preexisting hepatic dysfunction or whether drug excretion will be delayed in patients with liver disease
First
Crude oil is piped from an underground reserve to the surface.
Crude oil is transported to a refinery by pipeline or tanker
crude oil is refined to make gasoline and other products.
Gasoline is transported by tanker truck to a gas station
Gasoline is pumped into a car‘s gas tank.
The four parts of evolution are variation, inheritance, selection, and time.
The three ingredients of natural selection are variation, consequences, and heritability.
Explanation:
Parts of evolution:
- Variation denotes the uniqueness in genetic makeup which leads to physical differences among different species and within species. Like in a species of butterflies, variations in body size, color, feathers can be observed.
- Inheritance refers to the genetic material passed from the parents to the offsprings. These are specific phenotypes like color of skin or hair, shape of nose etc.
- Selection includes inheritance and acquiring of certain phenotypes to adapt and survive better, reproduce offsprings. These new offsprings in turn produce new offspring with those phenotypes and result in the entire population.
- Time decides about the various changes and adaptations in species. Certain evolutions like that of whale happened millions of years ago; however, the numerous viruses have evolved recently.
In natural selection,
- Variation is the change in the individual traits.
- Consequences are adaptation of certain traits by individuals which makes them to be better to survive and reproduce
- Heritability refers to the resemblance of the offspring to their parents.
Eukaryotes are normally much larger in size than any prokaryotes considering a eukaryotic organism contains a nucleus and other organelles that are enclosed by the cell membrane, which prokaryotic organisms do not contain a nucleus nor organelles from the cell membrane
