This excluded a majority of the population: slaves, freed slaves, children, women and metics (foreigners resident in Athens). The women had limited rights and privileges, had restricted movement in public, and were very segregated from the men.
Besides the obvious amount of casualties that American troops took, it really turned the public against an already horribly unpopular war. This essentially was the turning point in public opinion.
The 5th amendment: no one shall be deprived of life, liberty or property without due process. 14th amendment ratified in 1868: legal obligation of all states.
Natural resources for example mountains made hard for Egyptian to communicate