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statuscvo [17]
3 years ago
11

What effect could a mutation in mRNA have on the production of proteins​

Biology
1 answer:
mote1985 [20]3 years ago
8 0

Answer:

The effect on proteins depends on the type of mutation. Mutations in the mRNA could lead to alterations in the sequence of amino acids in the protein. These alterations could be silent or they can also lead to severe genetic abnormalities.

Explanation:

Point Mutation:

A point mutation in the DNA or RNA alters a single nucleotide base in the DNA sequence. Point mutations are of three types:

  1. Substitution: When a base is substituted for another. This has further 3 types:
  • Missense mutation:

A mutation that substitutes one base for another in such a way that the new sequence forms a new codon that is not a stop codon. For example, if the nucleotide sequence changes from AAG to AGG, the amino acid arginine will be produced instead of lysine.

  • Nonsense mutation

Nonsense mutation substitutes a codon for an amino acid with a stop codon. This kind of mutation produces a truncated or incomplete protein that is nonfunctional.

  • Silent mutation

A mutation that alters the genetic code in such a way that another codon for the same amino acid is produced, rendering no difference to the protein.

   2. Insertion: involves the insertion of a new base in the nucleotide sequence.

    3. Deletion: Involves the deletion of a base from the DNA sequence.

Point mutations, particularly, insertions, deletions and missense mutations can result in truncated or nonfunctional proteins that are unable to perform cellular functions. Cystic fibrosis and sickle cell anemia are prime examples of disorders caused by point mutations.

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either RNA or DNA

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5 0
2 years ago
Okazaki fragments are formed on which strand?
Alecsey [184]

Answer:

The leading strand is continuously synthesized and is elongated during this process to expose the template that is used for the lagging strand (Okazaki fragments). During the process of DNA replication, DNA and RNA primers are removed from the lagging strand of DNA to allow Okazaki fragments to bind to.

Explanation:

Hope it helps

6 0
3 years ago
The elephants represented in lanes 3 and 5 could have been a match to the ivory sample if you failed to amplify one allele in ei
olga_2 [115]

About the question:

I failed to find the result of the PCR / electrophoresis. However, I will try to explain when to still consider a sample, and when to exclude it.

Answer:

Probably elephants 1, 2, 4, and 6 exposed a pattern of lines that differed in most alleles from the ivory´s pattern. So they were considered to be different and, hence, excluded. However, elephants 3 and 5 only were different in one allele, which might be due to the amplification failure. In these last situations, the experiment must be run again, and include many markers.

Explanation:

The genetic profile is the series of alleles, characteristic of each individual, concerning a series of DNA fragments.

Once genetic profiles are obtained by using PCR/electrophoresis, they must be subjected to interpretation. The researcher must compare profiles to find concordance between individuals or the lack of it.

In the exposed example, probably we have a profile of the ivory sample, and we need to find out to what individual or population it belongs to. So we need to compare the pattern of bands of the different lanes with the ivory´s pattern of bands.

In resumed terms, if the ivory´s patterns completely match with another lane pattern, then this is the individuals or population to whom it belongs the ivory. However, if they do not match, we need to exclude this individual.

But this is not as easy as it looks like. Sometimes it is difficult to interpret the results because bands are not so clear, and sometimes there are failures during amplification, as said before in the statement of the problem.

In these situations, what you need to do is look for the lanes that match the most with the ivory one and discard those that differ the most. These last patterns probably belong to a different animal or population, that why they can be excluded. Individuals suspected of being the same as the individual understudy or belonging to the same population, must be subducted to a repetition of the study. Also, the use of several markers in the study increases the matches chances.

So, in the exposed example, if the amplification fails in one allele, elephants 3 and 5 could be a match to the ivory sample, probably because all the other alleles do match. You can only exclude them if, after the experiment repetition, the involved allele is still different. On the other hand, you can eliminate the elephants 1, 2, 4, and 6 because their pattern bands are significantly different from the ivory´s patterns, so you do not even need to repeat the experiment.

7 0
2 years ago
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