Answer:
Cloning may be defined as the process by which the genetically identified individual of the organism can be created artifically or naturally. Aseual reproduction results in the formation of clone.
The microsatellite analysis is used to prove that snuppy is a clone. Microsatellites are the highly variable DNA sequences repeats that has variable loci and considered at population level. The two alleles are possible for the one microsatellite locus. After comparing the alleles it has been found that snuppy has exactly the same genetic material as the surrogate mother, afghan. This completely determines that snuppy is a clone of afgan. 
 
        
             
        
        
        
Answer:
c. A bacterial cell that lacked receptors on its surface for that antibiotic
Explanation:
If the bacteria lacks the receptors on its surface meant for that antibiotic then it will be best defense for the survival of that bacteria. It is receptors which interact with the antibiotic so as to permit it inside the cell. Therefore, in the absence of receptors, it doesn't matter how much antibiotic is lying in the external environment of that bacteria, the antibiotic will not be able to enter the bacterial cell to kill it. Hence, the bacteria will be able to survive easily.
 
        
                    
             
        
        
        
Answer:
They protect the body from infectious agents.
And
They signal the immune system to destroy pathogens.
Explanation:
I HOPE THIS HELPS
 
        
             
        
        
        
I think the answer is naturally acquired active immunity..also depends on which disease
        
             
        
        
        
Answer: I believe <u>option A.</u> is correct.
Explanation: When you look at both the cells, you see that cell A. shows the molecules diffusing in and out of the cell membrane. Where as, cell B. doesn't show as much. 
Hope I could help! :)